![]() Founded by Debbie Sterling, Stanford Engineer and innovator, GoldieBlox creates award-winning toys that combine story and building to develop spatial skills, confidence, and introduce a much needed female role model character to a traditional boys club. GoldieBlox is a company on a mission to inspire the next generation of female inventors. GoldieBlox and the Movie Machine is for kids 4 and up, and teaches animation that directors of all ages can be proud of. AirPrint your movies to play with GoldieBlox and the Movie Machine toy set Confetti celebrations and prompts to keep you motivated! Duplicate tool for simple frame copying 85 stamps featuring fun shapes and starters: Rainbow! Mustache! Stars! Snap a picture of yourself and animate a flapping cape: BAM! You’re a super-hero! *Photo-capture tool: be the star of your own movie! *(iPhone 5, iPad mini + newer) ![]() Toolbox has everything you need to create your own movies, including: Save and name your movies in your own BloxTown Film Festival gallery! Exclusive, Worldwide Premier of the first-ever GoldieBlox Cartoon! Make your own movies with GoldieBlox and the Movie Machine! Draw, color, sticker, and photograph your way into the Bloxtown film festival by animating your own digital shorts with just a little innovation and a flick of the finger.įeaturing the world-premiere GoldieBlox cartoon introducing the story of “GoldieBlox and the Movie Machine”, starring Emily Haines of rock band, Metric, as the voice of Goldie! ![]() GoldieBlox and the Movie Machine puts YOU in the Directors chair! Please remove previous versions prior to download. ***Heads up! You may experience instability when upgrading from earlier versions of this App.
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![]() Remote Start is only available for Push Start equipped vehicle with an Automatic Transmission. Although there are no new models this year, the South Korean. The center armrest also houses a storage bin, while the main front bin is large enough to keep a modern smartphone inside quite easily. NOTE Remote Start is not available on all models. From the subcompact Venue to the three-row Palisade, most folks will be able to find a Hyundai-badged SUV that suits their needs. The cabin offers numerous storage areas, including decently sized front cupholders, bottle holders molded into the relatively deep door pockets, and smaller storage items in the center console. Based on data gathered from Customer Complaints, this model didnt have a lot of reported problems by owners until its third generation, which Hyundai released in 2015. The load bay is wide and easy to load, and an available hands-free tailgate on higher trims opens without any dangerous one-legged foot waving antics which is a big plus compared to rivals. The plug-in-hybrid model offers 260 horsepower, a combined 76 MPGe rating, and the ability to travel an estimated 31 miles on electricity alone. Hyundai released its version of a small crossover SUV in 2004, and thats the Tucson. The rear seats fold in a 60/40 split to increase storage to 61.9 cubic feet, which is again average for the class but well below the CR-V's class-leading 75.8 cubic feet of storage. Find which new 20 Hyundai model is the right fit for. The cargo area features a dual-level load floor that allows some objects to be stored below the main cargo area, or that alternatively adds extra depth to the loading area. The Hyundai lineup includes aware-winning sedans, compact cars, hatchbacks, SUVs and crossovers. Exclude vehicles with Major Issues Reported. While the 31 cubic feet behind the rear seats isn't necessarily poor in the segment, it's well below the class-leading Honda CR-V. Get reviews, photos, and pricing information for the most popular Hyundai SUVs. What models of SUV does Hyundai make These are the SUVs that Hyundai offers for model year 2023: Santa Fe, Santa Fe Hybrid, IONIQ 5, Santa Fe Plug-in Hybrid, Palisade, Kona, Tucson, Tucson Hybrid. Power Reliability Score 90/100 2018 Buick Envision: J.D. ![]() ![]() The most reliable used luxury SUV is the 2018 Lexus GX, with a score of 91 out of 100. We got a sneak peek a couple of weeks ago here. Auto Show with the debut of its new 2020 Palisade SUV today. The huge amounts of rear passenger volume in the Tucson are the result of compromised cargo volume. Though it doesn’t have the cabin comfort of other Lexus vehicles, few luxury SUVs can venture off the beaten path quite like the GX. Hyundai is adding to the SUV fracas at the L.A. ![]() The characteristics of a particular number are reflected in the person who is under its influence. The numerologists make calculations based on the day a person is born and assign them a specific number. The latter are the master numbers.Įach of these numbers is associated with a particular set of traits. The single-digit numbers range from 1 to 9, and the double-digit numbers are 11, 22 and 33. Nine of these have single digit while the remaining consist of two digits. You may be interested to check if your name is lucky for you or not.Actually, there are twelve numbers in numerology. Apart from this, a name also determines the Hidden Passion number and Habit Challenge number. The second number is a Soul Urge or Heart Desire number, which is calculated from vowels in a name, and the third is called dream or personality number, which is calculated from consonants in a name. The main name's numeral is called destiny or expression number, which is the sum of all alphabets in a name. In the Chaldean name numerology, the popular or most known name is used to predict the name numbers and in the Pythagorean numerology, the birth or legal name should be used to predict the numerology forecast.Ī name has various meanings in the manner of numerals math. Another numeral math system is the Pythagorean. December 2023 (Personal month number 1) :- New Beginning and Goals, New Changes TimeĬalculate name number by Chaldean name numerology: This is the most accurate and ancient alphabet's number numerology system, which was developed by Chaldean and inspired by Indian Vedic numerology.November 2023 (Personal month number 9) :- Completion Time, End of One Era, New Events. ![]() October 2023 (Personal month number 8) :- Achievement Time, Material Gain, Busy Time.September 2023 (Personal month number 7) :- Introspection Time, Self Analysis, Refine Talent.August 2023 (Personal month number 6) :- Family Oriented, Responsibility Oriented, Finishing Old Things.July 2023 (Personal month number 5) :- Changes in Life, Desire of Freedom, Feel like Defeated Soldier.June 2023 (Personal month number 4) :- Hard Working Time, Slowing Progress, Health Conscious.May 2023 (Personal month number 3) :- Joy Full Time, Social and Creative Success, Financial Burdens.April 2023 (Personal month number 11) :- Serve Others, Maintain Relation, Time to be Spiritual.March 2023 (Personal month number 1) :- New Beginning and Goals, New Changes Time.February 2023 (Personal month number 9) :- Completion Time, End of One Era, New Events.January 2023 (Personal month number 8) :- Achievement Time, Material Gain, Busy Time.Monthwise Numerology Prediction for the year 2023 This is a good time for financial success and you can make good plans for the future in this year, because this time you have greater capability to research and analyze the things and situations. You want to be free from all types of responsibilities this year. You want to learn new aspects of life, so you have the desire to develop new talent and refine old talents. The year of introspection, you tune yourself as the philosophical and spiritual person. This means Introspection Time, Self Analysis, Refine Talent. ![]() If you were born on 16 December, Your Personal Year Number for 2023 is 7Īccording to your personal year number 7, this is the seventh year of a 9 years cycle. Your favorable careers are teaching, engineering, machinery, girl garments and liquid items Year Prediction for the current year 2023 Your important years are 7th, 11th, 16th, 20th, 25th, 38th, 43th, 52th Your lucky number is 7 & your lucky dates are 2,7,11,16,20,25,29 Your lucky gemstones are Pearl and Diamond You are a clever, restless, attractive, and holy person. You are an introverted person, but you can become a good spiritual psychic. You are the real dreamer who always searches for joy and happiness. The number 7 is ruled by Ketu or Neptune so you are known as a spiritual, analytical and handsome person. If you were born on 16 December, your Radical/Birthday Number is 7 Numerology numbers are a sum value of the name numbers, which vibrate various energies and expressions. ![]()
![]() Downloading and Importing the Plan into Google Ads Editor This ensures that your ads are highly relevant to the keywords you are targeting and improves the overall performance of your campaign. The Keyword Planner allows you to manually organize your keywords by selecting the keywords you want to add to specific ad groups. Organizing Keywords and Ad GroupsĪfter selecting your keywords and creating your campaign, it's important to organize them into relevant ad groups. Add ad groups to the campaign based on the keyword categories you want to target. Once you have selected your keywords, click on Campaign & Ad Group to name and create your new campaign. If you want to create a new campaign, start by entering your desired keywords in the Discover New Keywords section of the Keyword Planner. Creating a New Campaign with the Keyword Planner Then, access the Organize Keywords section to add the keywords to your existing campaign and create new ad groups. Choose the keywords you want to add and save them to your plan. You will be presented with a list of relevant keywords, including their search volume and relevancy. After accessing the Keyword Planner, select the Discover New Keywords option and enter your desired keywords. Adding Keywords to an Existing CampaignĪdding keywords to an existing campaign is a simple process with the Keyword Planner. Under the Planning tab, you will find the Keyword Planner. To access the Keyword Planner, sign into your Google Ads account and navigate to the Tools & Settings section. The Google Keyword Planner is a valuable tool for keyword research and campaign planning. Finally, we will provide tips for optimizing your campaign settings and tracking conversions. Additionally, we will discuss how to download and import your keyword plan into Google Ads Editor and create compelling ads and assets for your campaign. We will cover step-by-step instructions on how to add keywords to an existing campaign, create a new campaign, and organize keywords and ad groups. The Google Keyword Planner is a powerful tool that allows you to discover new keywords, get search volume and forecasts, and organize keywords into ad groups. ![]() In this article, we will explore how to effectively use the Google Keyword Planner tool to enhance your Google Ads campaigns. Tips for Optimizing Your Google Ads Campaign.Setting Up Conversion Tracking and Goals.Campaign Settings: Location Targeting, Language Targeting, and Bidding Strategies.Creating Ads and Assets for Your Campaign.Downloading and Importing the Plan into Google Ads Editor.Creating a New Campaign with the Keyword Planner.Adding Keywords to an Existing Campaign.Optimize Your Google Ads Search Campaigns with Keyword Planner and Ads Editor ![]() ![]() What makes Elements Massage™ unique is that each client is matched with the proper therapist based on their massage needs and expectations.įor individuals who have chronic pain and need the therapeutic relief of deep tissue massage on a regular basis, the Elements Wellness Program™ provides a cost-effective method for receiving regular massage to aid in their overall health and wellness.Įvery session at an Elements Massage™ studio includes the assurance of The Elements Promise™, which states that if your massage does not meet or exceed expectations, the next one is on us. Muscles easily become tense and deep tissue massage can relieve some chronic patterns of pain and tension, specifically in the back, shoulder and neck areas.ĭeep tissue is one of the most common massage modalities and Elements Massage™ studios have massage therapists who excel in offering this form of massage. Deep tissue massage is generally a modality to consider for athletes as well as the eight-to-five desk job. Traditionally designed to apply pressure to layers of muscle, tendons and other tissues deep under the skin, deep tissue massage can be very effective in relieving problem areas and is highly therapeutic. Fortunately at Elements Massage™ studios, your massage session is customized to exactly what you want, proper pressure in the desired area, to ensure your massage provides the relief you are seeking. We think relief will come from a massage therapist digging and crushing our muscles for an entire massage session of an hour or longer. The belief of long-term pain-relief as the benefit of short-term agony from massage therapy is a common mistake many make. Thankfully at Elements Massage™ studios, each massage therapist is licensed and trained to handle these types of requests, and they won’t put you through pain to provide the therapeutic massage you are looking for. ![]() Press hard and tell me when to breathe again. I will take the pain of massage to relieve my tension. I need targeted deep pressure on my upper back. ![]() ![]() Some impressions are more easily detected than others. They are left in a large variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms and are accurately sized representations of the footwear that caused them. Where's the Evidence? | Worksheet | | Check Details Evidence for Evolution - Reading & Worksheets - PDF & Digital Versions Check Details Textual Evidence Worksheet - db-excel.Footwear leaves its marks and impressions through direct physical contact, in or on the surfaces over which it tracks. Hair fiber evidence worksheet answersEvidence evolution pdf key answer worksheet reading digital science Forensic science evidence trace detectives mysteries teacher solutions curriculum grade level guide. 50 Citing Textual Evidence Worksheet Check Details Test cif trace evidence keyįinding textual evidence worksheetTrace evidence sample read Evidence worksheet citing textualText evidence worksheets. 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Trace Evidence: A Virals Short Story Collection by Kathy Reichs Check Details Chapter 9: trace evidence common examples would be Where's the evidence?15 cause and effect worksheets pdf / Evidence trace common chapter examples wouldWorksheet evolution. Trace Evidence – The Forensics Library Check Details 50 evidence for evolution worksheet answersĬatching evidence killers trace worksheetEvidence comprehension passages worksheet Trace evidence50 citing textual evidence worksheet. Trace examination quiz definitionCif_2_test 2 8 best images of evidence of evolution worksheet answer ke圜h 2 types of evidence notes and activity worksheet. Checking the Evidence, Lesson Plans - The Mailbox Check Details 50 evidence of evolution worksheet answersĮvidence worksheetBasic trace evidence collection kit Impression evidenceForensic science: hair as e. Textual respect 99worksheets ds01 Trace evidence – the forensics library Trace evidence fibres collection methods forensics Forensic science: forensic science trace evidence worksheetĬhecking the evidence, lesson plansTextual evidence worksheet - Evidence interactive worksheetEvidence sheets.Ĭiting textual evidence worksheet answersEvidence trace excerpt reichs Usgs fossil and mountain chain evidence worksheet answer, freeTrace evidence examination. Footwear impression evidence worksheet Forensic evidence trace science hair principle locard exchange real hairs loss plucked physical type itouch fue types thetruthaboutforensicscience hairsite Ballistics forensic lesson evidence worksheet Evidence interactive worksheet ![]() The biggest shopping day of the year is officially upon us, Post readers, offering thousands of dollars in savings on TVs, laptops, vacuums, baby clothes, beauty products, travel, toys, tools, and so much more, including savings of up to 60% off at Best Buy. Tools, appliances, decor and more: The Home Depot’s extended Cyber Monday sale has it all Turn up the heat! Save up to 59% on space heaters with extended Cyber Monday sales Shoppers mostly bought these items as Thanksgiving weekend sales hit record $38BĪt these prices, today might just be the best day to buy your artificial Christmas tree Plus, you’ll have someone to help you make the tough decisions AND to help carry your purchases throughout the day! Make it fun by dressing alike, or wearing holiday-themed T-shirts, headbands, or jingle bells…whatever fits your style and shows other shoppers you’re having fun! Take time for a photo with your group – if you’re feeling extra festive, incorporate the big guy into your photo! You’ll find info on Santa photo reservations on our Santa's Workshop page. ĥ) Make It Fun! Shopping is 1,000 times more fun when you’re with others. ![]() You can even plan your fuel-up stops by viewing our food options. A backpack or cross body bag is also a win – it not only frees up your hands but are both perfectly on-trend accessories! Plus, allow time for meals or snacks as not eating or drinking only leaves you tired and irritable. We recommend wearing layers, as it can be chilly in some stores and much warmer in others. Just keep yourself in the holiday spirit! If you start to get irritable, take some cleansing breaths, and remember – it’s only shopping.Ĥ) Take care of yourself on Black Friday! Dress comfortably wear your best sneakers and your comfiest pants. If you aren’t ready for that much social interaction but still want the Black Friday deals, consider buy online, pick up in-store or curbside pick-up opportunities offered at some mall stores. To save even bigger bucks, be sure to check out our deals page ahead of time to find what stores are having the biggest sales!ģ) Be realistic! Everyone is shopping on Black Friday, so expect lines and some waiting. This will help you cut down on impulse buys as well. Decide how much money you have available to spend total and/or per person, and then stick to that number. Even if money isn’t tight, a budget will help keep you from over-spending. If money is tight, a budget is essential. To help you plan your shopping trip, check out our store directory to map out your day.Ģ) Build your budget. Write a detailed list of who you’re shopping for (including yourself) and what you need to get, including sizes and color preferences for each person. This may sound like a no-brainer, but it’s really the key to making the most of your Black Friday shopping. Consider this our Black Friday Survival Guide!ġ) Create a shopping list. To help make your Black Friday experience as easy as possible, we’re offering up our Top 5 insider tips so you can shop smarter. There’s lots of hustle and bustle, and everyone is scrambling to snag the best deals. Black Friday is THE busiest shopping day of the year. ![]() Inclusions are often seen as defects, but this is not always the case. Are these inclusions considered as beauties of nature or defects in a commercial transaction?īillie Hughes. I then set out to share them with gemologists and the general public through Hyperion, a search engine integrated into our website. As I began analyzing stones with a microscope, I started to take photos of these wonderful images and make accurate descriptions. For those who would like to see more, are there any photographs available on the Lotus Gemology site?īillie Hughes. There are also abstract paintings formed by needles positioned in multiple directions, as in this garnet from Australia or the one from Russia. In this pink sapphire, gas bubbles go here and there. It’s magnificent, it’s like space shuttles in the Star Wars movie. Sometimes you see real spectacles as in this Sri Lankan sapphire traversed by black graphite crystals encapsulated in negative crystals. Entering the inner world of these crystals is a bit like diving: there’s so much life and movement in there! Instead of finding chaos, I discovered a very orderly and structured universe. ![]() You make photomicrographs that have won many awards and have been published in specialized journals or the Wall Street Journal. Then comes the magnifying glass and of course the microscope. Their answer was “after 30 years of experience, you know.” It wasn’t necessarily what I was expecting but they were right, the primary tool is the eye. ![]() As a young graduate, I asked my parents how to tell one ruby from Mozambique from another, from Burma, because there are many similarities between the two stones. The most important tools for a gemologist are not necessarily the most expensive. ![]() How do you undertake this journey into the heart of a stone? Is it enough to use a magnifying glass or do you need other instruments?īillie Hughes. There are also inclusions, solid, liquid or gaseous irregularities. If it is red, is it a ruby, a garnet or a banal colored glass? Is it natural or has it been modified by human hand? To find clues, the only solution is to go inside! There are traces of potassium, gallium or vanadium. If the stone is blue, it is up to us to determine whether it is a sapphire, aquamarine or topaz. We specialize in rubies, sapphires and spinels, but we do not test diamonds. Five years ago, I co-founded the Lotus Gemology Laboratory, located in Bangkok, the world center of the colored gem trade. My job is to put together the gemological report, which is like an ID card. But my parents encouraged me to do a course in gemology all the same… And from the moment I started to see the stones from the inside, I was completely hooked!īillie Hughes. I chose to study political science at UCLA. Despite these early beginnings, I never thought I would follow in their footsteps. My parents, themselves gemologists, used to take me with them to the markets, mines and stone deposits in all four corners of the globe. How did you become a gemologist?īillie Hughes. Through her fascinating photomicrographs, she reveals to us the inner world of gemstones.īanner video : Moving CO2 bubbles in a pink sapphire – Wimon Manorotkul/ Lotus Gemology At right, ruby rough shown in the Tajikistan government contract store.During an Evening Conversation at The School of Jewelry Arts, Olivier Segura* interviewed gemologist Billie Hughes. Bottom left, Iskandar Soibnazarov with spinel inventory. This trip was a Flag Expedition trip approved by The Explorers Club. Also seen in the photo is the Panj river, which defines the border line between Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Bowersox, Derrold Holcombe, Zafarbek Kuvvatbekov, and Iskandar Soibnazarov. Continue Reading Īt top is the Kuh-i-Lal, Tajikistan spinel mine seen on the mountainside behind the exploration field team, composed of Gary W. The 2023 team visited the country’s gem mining areas and is working with government officials to update the knowledge of mining and production of Tajikistan gemstones, which have been known since 101 B.C. In June 2005 and again this year, the Gary led The Explorers Club Flag Expeditions through 2,000 miles of Tajikistan. Trade In Focus Nov: Gemstone Source Region Update: Tajikistan by Gary W. ![]() They almost never bite, and if allowed to chew their mild venom into a hand (which is the only way a bite is going to happen), it may result in some temporary local swelling and redness. Their venom can quickly kill its prey, but is not something that should be considered harmful to humans or pets. They are primarily snake eaters, but also eat lizards and invertebrates. Before standing in a defensive pose, Texas indigo snakes release a musk to ward off humans. ![]() The head is relatively small and body thin compared to length. but elsewhere in Arizona they can reach sizes up to almost 3' long. These are typically small snakes, with adults in the Phoenix and Tucson areas usually in the 12-18" range. The upper body is slate-grey or even steel blue in appearance, sometimes with a yellow or cream colored ring just behind the head. This is thought to be due to intraspecies competition. The species in this genus are sexually dimorphic, with the males being larger than the females. This snake genus, Drymarchon, means 'Lord of The Forest'. and as such they are immune to the venom of poisonous snakes. They have smooth dorsal scales, and several color variations, including a glossy blue-black color. Minnie was born in Moore and raised in UvaldeWe have a big blue Indigo snake we call Bertha on the place who is 12 foot long and we see her all the time Sometime she is on our front. The brilliant orange, yellow, and red coloration on the belly becomes exposed when the snake is stressed, with the tail forming a tight coil and the latter portion of body flopped upside-down. South Texas Indigo snake finishing off a Diamondback Rattlesnake in Moore, TX Frio. These are exceptionally beautiful snakes that often cause even snake-haters to admit that they're pretty. Interestingly, an encounter with this snake in a household might hint at a lurking termite problem. They can reach over 8 feet in length (average is 5-7 feet) Their scales are bluish-black, and reddish-orange, brown. Possessing static front fangs and potent neurotoxic venom, there haven't been any reported fatalities from its bite. Distinct from the Eastern coralsnake genus, the Sonoran variety isn't perceived as threatening unless deliberately provoked. This leads many to mistakenly classify benign species like the Longnosed Snakes, Groundsnakes, and Shovel-Nosed Snakes as the Sonoran Coralsnake due to their superficial resemblance. Contrary to common belief, the well-known rhyme "red-touch-yellow" is an unreliable method for identifying this snake. These snakes mainly feed on small native venomous snakes, lizards, and frogs. These snakes are also popular as Texas blue indigo, blue indigo snake, and indigo snake. Notably, its face is cloaked in black, and its tail lacks the final red band. Texas Indigo Snake is a diurnal and terrestrial snake that can be found in southern/central Texas. Typically measuring less than 2 feet in length and as slender as a pencil in adulthood, its body showcases striking bands of black and red, interspersed with white or faint yellow stripes. For only the second time in more than 60 years, the elusive Eastern indigo snake has slithered into Alabama. Grasslands and brushlands, usually near water.The Sonoran Coralsnake, a venomous species, is infrequently spotted in the southern regions of Arizona. A rare Eastern indigo snake was found in Alabama. Darker barring is usually visible anteriorly Black lines from eye to lower labial (lip) scales. The footage of the snake the longest in North America, growing up to a size of 8.5ft was captured in Texas. Shiny brownish scales anteriorly shading to black posteriorly. Prey consists of mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles (including venomous snakes). Hatchlings (which may be 2 feet long!) may be all dark or strongly patterned with irregular blue flecking. Rather, they grasp and hold prey with their strong jaws and at least partially immobilize it by holding it beneath a coil. Unlike most of the large, heavy bodied snakes in the USA, the indigo snakes are not constrictors. Darker barring is usually visible anteriorly. Black lines from eye to lower labial (lip) scales. Long (to 7+ feet), heavy bodied, and variably dispositioned describe this Texan. THIS IS A PROTECTED SPECIES THROUGHOUT ITS RANGE. ![]() Long before they disappeared from maps, sea monsters were repurposed for politics. Some of the mystery is gone as the sea becomes another resource rather than a churning darkness to be feared. ![]() “Whales, the largest creatures in the ocean, are no longer monsters but rather natural marine storehouses of commodities to be harvested,” wrote Van Duzer. On one map from the early 17th century, vignettes illustrated how to kill and process a whale. Ships indicated areas of safe passage, while drawings of fish and whales showed good fishing areas. There were still illustrations on maps, but they were far more pragmatic. “And thus images of the dangers of the sea, while they certainly did not immediately disappear from maps in the 17th century, became less frequent over time, and images of ships became more common.” “As technology advanced, as our understanding of the oceans and navigation advanced, more emphasis was placed on human’s ability to master the watery element: to sail on it and conduct trade on it,” Van Duzer told Lapham’s. European understanding of science was growing, and the printing press made the spread of realistic images easier. However, at the end of the 17th century, sea monsters start to disappear from maps. Reprinted with permission by British Library and the University of Chicago Press.) (Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius, first published in 1570. Other monsters can be seen on the surrounding land. “So most of the sea monsters reflect an effort on the part of the cartographer to be accurate in the depiction of what lived in the sea.”Ī siren admires herself in a mirror-a sign of her vanity-amongst ships in the Southern Ocean on Pierre Descelier’s map from 1550. “To our eyes, almost all of the sea monsters on all of these maps seem quite whimsical, but in fact, a lot of them were taken from what the cartographers viewed as scientific, authoritative books,” said author Chet Van Duzer in a podcast with Lapham’s Quarterly. That doesn’t mean the monsters were purely ornamental inventions though. Most of the decorated maps weren’t used for navigation, but rather were displayed by wealthy people. More than mere marginalia and playful illustration, cartographers drew sea monsters to enchant viewers while educating them about what could be found in the sea. Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps, by Chet Van Duzer, and Sea Monsters: A Voyage around the World’s Most Beguiling Map, by Joseph Nigg, both focus exclusively on illustrations, several of which are included here, of such monsters on old maps.Īn ichthyocentaur (parts human, horse and fish) plays a viol on a map of Scandinavia from the 1573 edition of Ortelius’s Theatrum orbis terrarum. The sea surrounding Scandinavia showed sailing ships and this traditionally peaceful ichthyocentaur, perhaps suggesting safe passage. The sea monsters that populated European medieval and renaissance imaginations-fierce-toothed animals battling in the waves, long serpents wrapped around ships, torturously beautiful sirens and a wide assortment of chimeric beings-are the subject of two new books. So, what of the creatures that were thought to live there? Even the substance itself, seawater, is often cold and dark, and deadly to drink in quantity. And, why not? Unlike land, the ocean is constantly shifting and moving, with currents that could carry a ship off course and storms that threaten wrecks. The sea has been the stage for monstrosities and strange tales since antiquity. ![]() Fictitious animals on 16th and early 17th century maps hint at how people’s perception of the ocean has changed over time |
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